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Nighttime leg cramps, often known as “charley horses,” are sudden and painful muscle contractions that frequently occur in the calves while a person is sleeping. While these cramps are usually harmless and temporary, repeated episodes may sometimes point to factors such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, poor circulation, muscle fatigue, or certain medication side effects.

When a cramp suddenly wakes you up, try straightening your leg and gently flexing your foot upward toward your knee. Lightly massaging the cramped muscle, applying a warm compress, or using gentle stretching can help the muscle relax and ease the pain. Avoid forcing movement, as this may increase discomfort.

Preventing nighttime cramps often starts with simple daily habits. Drinking enough water, maintaining proper nutrition, and performing gentle calf and hamstring stretches before bed may reduce the risk. Your sleeping position can also matter, as sleeping with your toes pointed downward may keep calf muscles shortened and make cramps more likely.

Some medications, including diuretics, statins, and certain long-acting breathing medications, are known to trigger muscle cramps in some people. If cramps occur frequently, cause lasting weakness, or repeatedly interrupt your sleep, it is important to discuss them with a healthcare professional. Seek medical attention sooner if you experience swelling, numbness, unusual skin color changes, or persistent pain in the affected leg.